A newly-identified eel living in the Amazon basin can
deliver record-breaking electric jolts, according to a study published Tuesday.
Researchers
at Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History have identified two new
species of electric eel in the Amazon rainforest, tripling the known number of
electric eel species.
One of the
new species -- Electrophorus voltai -- can discharge up to 860
volts of electricity, significantly more than the 650 volts generated by the
known electric eel species, Electrophorus electricus, the
study published in journal Nature Communications found.
These
electric eels -- which are actually a type of fish with an eel-like appearance
-- can grow to up to eight feet (2.4 meters) and highlight how much is yet to
be discovered in the Amazon rainforest, study leader David de Santana, a
research associate at Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, said in
a press release.
"They're
really conspicuous," de Santana said. "If you can discover a new
eight-foot-long fish after 250 years of scientific exploration, can you imagine
what remains to be discovered in that region?"
What are
electric eels?
For 250
years, scientists have known that electric eels live in the Amazon basin. They
just haven't known how many species were lurking there.
Scientists
long thought the electric eels found in swamps, streams, creeks and rivers
across South America were all the same species. The new study shows that the
eels actually belong to three different species.
All three
species look pretty much the same externally and use their electricity to
navigate, communicate, hunt and for self-defense. But when scientists analyzed
107 samples, they found that the three species had different genetic material,
unique skull shapes, and different levels of voltage.
Based on
their research, de Santana and his team believe that the three species began to
evolve from their common ancestor about 7.1 million years ago.
The eels'
voltage may have been influenced by the conductivity of the waters they lived
in, the research found. Electrophorus voltai, for instance,
lived in the clear waters of the highlands which did not conduct electricity
well. According to de Santana, the species' stronger voltage may be an adaption
to the poor conductivity of the water.
There are
about 250 species of fish that are able to generate electricity, but electric
eels are the only ones that use electricity to hunt and for self-defense.
In 1799,
scientists used electric eels as the inspiration behind the first battery
design, and have also inspired ideas about how to improve technology and treat
disease.
The newly
discovered electric eel species could have evolved unique systems to produce
electricity -- perhaps a different system than the first discovered species --
which could lead to more discoveries, de Santana said.
"It
could really have different enzymes, different compounds that could be used in
medicine or could inspire new technology," he said.
